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Every year, the work of our experts results in more than 200 reports, studies, and analyses. Most of them are published and available on our website.
Sometimes our work resonates and has a direct impact on the public agenda. At other times, it contributes more subtly to the making of superior decisions within a company, organisation, or courtroom.
In recent years, Phase II merger reviews have dominated the Finnish field of economics in competition law. Economists at the Finnish Competition and Consumer Authority (FCCA) are heavily involved in any large merger review.
In December 2018, the FCCA brought its first cartel case to the Market Court since early 2016, breaking its period of silence. In early 2019, the FCCA also finished its almost five-year investigation in the alleged abuse of dominance case in the financial sector, without finding evidence of abuse. Even more recently, the Supreme Administrative Court upheld the FCCA’s findings of two cartels: the federation for bakeries and in bus transport. With its new Director General, the FCCA has also been more active in the media. Additional resources have been allocated to the authority resulting in the establishment of the Market Research Unit.
Learn more in the Handbook of Competition Economics’ chapter on Finland, written by Emmi Martikainen, Anssi Kohonen, and Kalle Kantanen.
An extract from GCR’s Competition Economics Handbook 2020, first published in November 2019.
For further information, please contact Emmi Martikainen
Copenhagen Economics has interviewed economists from the Competition Council of Latvia (CC), as well as a handful of prominent competition law firms for the chapter on Latvia.
The role of economic analysis seems to vary depending on the type of case and investigation; in merger control and in sector inquiries, economics has played an increasingly larger role in recent years. The number of mergers that move to Phase II investigation is still quite small. Abuse cases are often settled with the parties, meaning that there are few follow-on damages cases. The priority of CC seems to be bid-rigging in public procurement and government activity in market operations. However, the role and importance of economic analysis in these cases is limited.
Learn more in the Handbook of Competition Economics’ chapter on Latvia, written by Emmi Martikainen and Mindaugas Cerpickis.
An extract from GCR’s Competition Economics Handbook 2020, first published in November 2019.
For further information, please contact Emmi Martikainen.
Copenhagen Economics has interviewed ECA and several esteemed Estonian competition lawyers for the chapter on Estonia. The findings show that the use of economic analysis in competition law cases is still quite limited in Estonia.
For example, in mergers, structural analysis and a focus on concentration levels seem the predominant paradigm. Cartels are criminalised in Estonia, which raises the burden of proof. There have not been any follow-on cartel damage cases. It is an Estonian particularity that there are many excessive pricing cases, with the Estonian Competition Authority (ECA) also being the price regulator in many industries. The knowledge and experience from price regulation cases has led to many excessive pricing cases and affected the economic methods used. The ECN+ directive could, however, lead to economics having larger role investigations.
Learn more in the Handbook of Competition Economics’ chapter on Estonia, written by Emmi Martikainen and Anssi Kohonen.
An extract from GCR’s Competition Economics Handbook 2020, first published in November 2019.
For further information, please contact Emmi Martikainen.
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